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Abstract Details

Characteristics of Spontaneous Spinal Cord Infarction and Proposed Diagnostic Criteria
Multiple Sclerosis
S6 - MS and CNS Inflammatory Disease: Clinical Considerations I (1:33 PM-1:44 PM)
004

Spinal cord infarction is often disabling, and the diagnosis can be challenging without an inciting event (eg, aortic surgery). Patients with a spontaneous SCI are often misdiagnosed as having transverse myelitis. Diagnostic criteria for SCI are lacking, hindering clinical care and research.

To describe the characteristics of spontaneous spinal cord infarction (SCI) and propose diagnostic criteria.

An institution-based search tool was used to identify patients ≥ 18 years of age with a spontaneous SCI evaluated at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, from 1997-2017. Controls were selected from a database of alternative myelopathy etiologies for validation of diagnostic criteria (n = 280).

Of 133 included patients with spontaneous SCI, the median (interquartile range) age was 60 (52-69) years, and 101 (76%) had vascular risk factors. Rapid onset of severe deficits reaching nadir within 12 hours was typical (102 [77%]); some had a stuttering decline (31 [23%]). Sensory loss occurred in 126 patients (95%), selectively affecting pain/temperature in 49 (39%). Initial MRI spine was normal in 30 patients (24%). Characteristic T2-hyperintense patterns included owl eyes (82 [65%]) and pencil-like hyperintensity (50 [40%]); gadolinium enhancement (37 of 96 [39%]) was often linear in the anterior gray matter. Confirmatory MRI findings included diffusion restriction (19 of 29 [67%]), adjacent dissection/occlusion (16 of 82 [20%]), and vertebral body infarction (11 [9%]). Cerebrospinal fluid showed mild inflammation in 7 of 89 patients (8%). Diagnostic criteria was proposed for definite, probable, and possible SCI. In the validation cohort (n = 280), 9 patients (3%) met criteria for possible SCI, and none met criteria for probable SCI.

This large series of spontaneous SCIs provides clinical, laboratory, and MRI clues to SCI diagnosis. The diagnostic criteria proposed here will aid clinicians in making the correct diagnosis and ideally improve future care for patients with SCI.

Authors/Disclosures
Nicholas L. Zalewski, MD (Mayo Clinic)
PRESENTER
Dr. Zalewski has nothing to disclose.
Alejandro A. Rabinstein, MD, FAAN (Mayo Clinic) Dr. Rabinstein has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Boston Scientific. Dr. Rabinstein has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Shionogi . Dr. Rabinstein has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Chiesi. Dr. Rabinstein has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Ceribell. Dr. Rabinstein has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Neurocritical care/NCS-Springer. Dr. Rabinstein has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Wolters/UptoDate. Dr. Rabinstein has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for EBSCO/DynaMed. Dr. Rabinstein has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for AHA. Dr. Rabinstein has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Rabinstein has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Rabinstein has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Rabinstein has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care.
Karl Krecke Karl Krecke has nothing to disclose.
Robert D. Brown, Jr., MD, MPH, FAAN (Mayo Clinic) Dr. Brown has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving as an officer or member of the Board of Directors for Craig H Neilsen Foundation. The institution of Dr. Brown has received research support from National Institutes of Health/NINDS. Dr. Brown has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care.
Eelco F. Wijdicks, MD, FAAN (Mayo Clinic W8) Dr. Wijdicks has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care.
Brian G. Weinshenker, MD, FAAN (University of Virginia Health System) Dr. Weinshenker has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as a Consultant for CANbridge Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Weinshenker has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a Consultant for CALIBR. Dr. Weinshenker has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Horizon. Dr. Weinshenker has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion. Dr. Weinshenker has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche Group (Chugai, Genentech, Roche). Dr. Weinshenker has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for UCB Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Weinshenker has received research support from Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation. Dr. Weinshenker has received intellectual property interests from a discovery or technology relating to health care.
No disclosure on file
No disclosure on file
Allen J. Aksamit, Jr., MD, FAAN (Mayo Clinic) Dr. Aksamit has nothing to disclose.
J. D. Bartleson, MD, FAAN Dr. Bartleson has nothing to disclose.
Giuseppe Lanzino, MD (Mayo Clinic) Dr. Lanzino has nothing to disclose.
No disclosure on file
Eoin P. Flanagan, MBBCh, FAAN (Mayo Clinic) The institution of Dr. Flanagan has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Alexion. Dr. Flanagan has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Genentech. Dr. Flanagan has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Horizon Therapeutics. The institution of Dr. Flanagan has received personal compensation in the range of $10,000-$49,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for Roche. Dr. Flanagan has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Pharmacy times. The institution of Dr. Flanagan has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for UCB. The institution of Dr. Flanagan has received research support from Viela Bio. The institution of Dr. Flanagan has received research support from UCB. The institution of Dr. Flanagan has received research support from Roche. Dr. Flanagan has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Flanagan has a non-compensated relationship as a Member of medical Advisory Board with The MOG Project that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Flanagan has a non-compensated relationship as a Editorial board member with Journal of The Neurologic Sciences that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Flanagan has a non-compensated relationship as a Editorial board member with Neuroimmunology Reports that is relevant to AAN interests or activities. Dr. Flanagan has a non-compensated relationship as a Editorial Board Member with Neurology, Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation (N2) Journal that is relevant to AAN interests or activities.